| Born in Edinburgh in 1869, James Connolly became
the first Marxist union leader in Ireland.
Soon after arriving in Ireland
Connolly established the Irish Socialist Republican Party, and while living in
America from 1903 to 1910 he helped to organize the Industrial Workers of the
World. In 1912, in Tipperary Connolly and James Larkin set up the Irish Labour
Party which is still in existence today. Connolly was also involved with
Larkin when he established the National Transport and General Worker's Union which
conducted strikes to support labour disputes. This was Ireland's first dealings
with a Union. Prior to this employers had had a free hand to do what they please
with their workers. It was a case that people queued up outside the gates of the
factory in the hope that they would get a days work. At this time Dublin
was one of the biggest slums in Europe. As a result of this striking action the
employers decided on a complete lockdown of the factories during the winter or
1913. This action caused a lot of suffering as a lack of money, food and a very
cold winter combined to maximize the suffering of the people on strike. Connolly
was also involved in the 1916 rising. He wanted an immediate revolt in Dublin.
It was due to Connolly's insistence that the 1916 rebellion go ahead despite some
comprises for rebels down the country that the rising actually took place. Connolly
actually help plot some of the final details of the rising. After his part
in the rising, despite injured and suffering from gangrene, he was propped up
in a chair and shot by a British firing squad in Kilmainham, guaranteeing his
place as a martyr. |